A qualitative analysis of colombian campesinos' use of pesticides: Contextual, interpersonal and individual factors

Colombian agricultural campesinos constitute a vulnerable and understudied population. They are at high risk of exposure to occupational hazards including pesticide exposure. Adverse health effects associated with this exposure have been reported in the literature making for a critical public health problem. The present study implemented an ecological framework for exploring factors at different levels, including individual, interpersonal, cultural, economic and political, that influence pesticide use and exposure among peasant communities of pesticide users and non-users in San Cristobal, Antioquia, Colombia. Data production for this study involved 67 individual interviews and 5 focus group discussions with adult rural agricultural campesinos, males and females. Participant observation and community participation were also used as part of the methodology. Factors that influence pesticide use and exposure differed between campesinos who are assiduous pesticide users and those who have reduced or stopped pesticide use and moved to agroecological practices. Educational interventions should target family support and safety measures. Increased attention to economic opportunities and technical support in the agricultural sector, culturally specific education interventions to address cultural barriers to reducing pesticide use, and intensive safety training for campesinos are recommended approaches for addressing pesticide exposure.