Controversy of Three-Parent IVF for Prevention of Transmission of Mitochondrial Disease: A Comparative Policy Analysis

In February 2015, the British House of Commons passed a bill legalizing mitochondrial DNA transfers, a novel experimental reproductive technique that combines three different sets of DNA to create an embryo, in order to prevent the transmission of maternally inherited Mitochondrial Disease. Despite this technique resulting in germ-line modification, an experimental line that had yet to be crossed, this technique has been recommended as a possible viable treatment modality due to the possible benefits in eliminating mitochondrial disease in future generations. Currently, there exists widespread global consensus that no germ-line should undergo genetic modification. Most developed countries prohibit germ-line modification procedures based on domestic legislation and guidelines. With the passing of this bill, the UK may become the first country to allow this technology to progress to human clinical trials. Britain’s legalization could have a potentially significant impact on global policy concerning the currently international taboo of germ-line modification and access to this controversial treatment. As researchers continue to innovate in areas of reproductive technology with implications for genomics, there will be demand for an appropriate legislative or regulatory response. In addition, existing regulatory frameworks that have not addressed this form of innovation may require re-evaluation and modernization. In an attempt to examine the evolving policy environment regarding this issue, this comparative policy analysis will compare and contrast the regulatory responses of the US and the UK in order to better inform future international regulatory efforts that will attempt to solve the complex issue of mitochondrial replacement and gene-line modification.