Motivation and benefits of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) based on community-based senior games (CBSG) – social ecological approach

OBJECTIVES: Although Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) is positively related to many health benefits, including self-efficacy, optimism, and alleviation of stress and isolation, many older adults rarely participate in LTPA. Barriers to LTPA in older adults are affected by not only personal perception but also external factors (lack of peer support, age-appropriate programs, etc.).This research focuses on identifying the motivation and benefits of LTPA through participation in Community-Based Senior Games (CBSG).  

METHODS: Participants (n=19) were interviewed about their motivation and perceived benefits of CBSG during the 2014 Tennessee Senior Games. Semi-structured interview questions were developed based on the social ecological model.

RESULTS: As an intrapersonal factor, seventeen participants described CBSG as providing positive feelings, supporting physical activity, and achievement of personal goals while they prepared for the games. Fourteen participants also enjoyed the challenge through competition both personally and with other participants through the games. As an interpersonal factor, more than two thirds mentioned that “comradery” and “friendship” make them enjoy and continue LTPA more through the games. As a community factor, the community-based senior games provided senior adults with an age-relevant, goal-oriented opportunity to spend more time on LTPA.  

CONCLUSIONS: As a community-based health program for the aging population, CBSG promotes a positive attitude toward LTPA and provides an arena to meet other healthy senior adults. LTPA activities which include challenges, competition, and comradery, may appeal to older adults of all fitness levels. Therefore, community health program organizers can use age-stratified CBSG to encourage LTPA in the senior population.