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Risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease among women screened annually for Chlamydia trachomatis infection compared to women not screened, U.S. Armed Forces, 2001-2013
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study utilized the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS). Females entering military service from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2010 were stratified by age (<26, >=26) and followed until they were discharged from military service or until the end of the surveillance period, December 31, 2013; basic training periods were excluded because the Services implemented different recruit chlamydia screening policies during the surveillance period. Counts, rates, and trends over time were provided for the descriptive analysis, multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of covariates. and hazard analysis was employed to characterize risk over time.
RESULTS: Between January 2001 and December 2013, 18,544 female service members met the case definition of PID. Overall, the incidence rate was stable at approximatley 7.5 per 1,000 person-years, but higher (11.5 per 1,000 person-years) among women <26 years old. Rates were higher among service women in the Army compared to all other services. Other risk factors included being of black, non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, enlisted rank, and married. Risk for PID for Army service women increased after 6 months post-accession.
CONCLUSIONS: PID rates were overall stable during the surveillance period, but higher among service women <26 years old and the group receiving annual chalmydia screening. This suggests that annual chlamydia screening programs alone may not reduce PID incidence in an at-risk female military population.
Learning Areas:
Conduct evaluation related to programs, research, and other areas of practiceEpidemiology
Protection of the public in relation to communicable diseases including prevention or control
Public health or related organizational policy, standards, or other guidelines
Public health or related research
Systems thinking models (conceptual and theoretical models), applications related to public health
Learning Objectives:
Describe the rates of PID among women screened annually compared to the those not screened regularly.
Identify differences in risk factors for PID in addition to variation in Chlamydia screening.
Assess if there is an association between annual Chlamydia screening and reduced risk in PID.
Keyword(s): Reproductive Health, Women's Health
Qualified on the content I am responsible for because: I am an public health officer in the U.S. Air Force, and during the past 12 years on active duty have conducted numerous studies on recruit trainee health, as well as women's health and mental health outcomes within the military population. Among my research interests has been the evaluation of current military screening policies to assess their long-term impact on health outcomes. I am therefore qualified to be an abstract author and presenter.
Any relevant financial relationships? No
I agree to comply with the American Public Health Association Conflict of Interest and Commercial Support Guidelines, and to disclose to the participants any off-label or experimental uses of a commercial product or service discussed in my presentation.