309264
Impact of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) on Malaria Vector Bionomics in IRS Districts Compared to a Non-IRS District in Northern Uganda
The main objectives of the study were to assess indoor resting density, feeding behavior, and breeding habitats of malaria vectors in two IRS districts and a non-IRS districtin northern Uganda. Studies elsewhere show that use of IRS can change malaria vector bionomics.The hypothesis tested was:There is no difference in malaria vector bionomics in IRS and non-IRS districts.
Methods:
Monthly bionomics studies involving indoor and outdoor nightly human landing mosquito collections, pyrethrum spray catches, light trap catches indoors and larval surveillancewere conducted in two IRS districts (Apac and Kitgum) and a non-IRS district(Lira) from February 2012 to September 2013, using World Health Organization procedures.
Results:
Anopheles gambiaes.l.was the main vector in all the study districts. MoreAn. gambiaes.l. vectors were caught outdoors in Apac than in Lira between 6.00 pm to 10.00 pm. In Lira, two thirds (63%) of the total vectors (61% of An. gambiaes.l. and 68% of An. funestus) bite after midnight, while in Apac, more than two thirds (70%) of the total vectors (69% of An. gambiaes.l. and 83% of An. funestus) bite before midnight.Indoor man-biting rates were 48.6 and 3.3 bites/person/night in Lira and Apac respectively.
Conclusions:
A difference exists in malaria vector bionomics in IRS districts and the non-IRS district. Further research is needed to confirm if this bionomics shift was due to IRS, assess the time taken for change in vector bionomics to occur and subsequently guide policy on efficacy of long-term spraying projects.
Learning Areas:
Public health or related organizational policy, standards, or other guidelinesLearning Objectives:
List different methods used in bionomic studies to track mosquito behavior.
Explain bionomic shifts which occur during the IRS activity.
Discuss the impact of IRS on Anophelesvector mosquito bionomics and how this may affect the way IRS should be conducted in the future.
Keyword(s): International Health, Public Health Research
Qualified on the content I am responsible for because: I worked in the Ministry of Health Uganda as an entomologist for over 34 years, have been author or co-author to more than 7 international articles in entomology, and am the current project manager of the entomology department for Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase II under the President's Malaria Initiative of the U.S. State Department.
Any relevant financial relationships? Yes
| Name of Organization | Clinical/Research Area | Type of relationship |
|---|---|---|
| Abt Associates Inc. | IRS Spray | Employment (includes retainer) |
I agree to comply with the American Public Health Association Conflict of Interest and Commercial Support Guidelines, and to disclose to the participants any off-label or experimental uses of a commercial product or service discussed in my presentation.