Marhaba: Key informant interview findings from a study of breast and cervical cancer screening barriers and facilitators among muslim women in New York city

BACKGROUND: Muslims are one of the fastest growing religious groups in the US. However, little is known about their health disparities, and how their unique cultural, religious, and social beliefs and practices affect health behaviors and outcomes. Studies demonstrate Muslim women may have lower rates of breast and cervical cancer screening compared to the overall population. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to: 1) conduct a series of key-informant interviews with Muslim community leaders in NYC to understand contextual factors that impact Muslim women's beliefs and practices regarding breast and cervical cancer screening; and 2) inform the development and implementation of a research study on breast and cervical cancer among Muslims. METHODS: Thirteen key-informant interviews were conducted. The sample included imams, female religious leaders, physicians, community-based organization leaders, and social service representatives. The interview guide assessed: 1) Unique healthcare barriers face by Muslim women; 2) Cultural and social considerations in conducting research; 3) Potential strategies for increasing screening in this population; and 4) Content and venues for culturally tailored programming and messaging. RESULTS: Key informants noted the need for the proposed study and that it would be well-received by the community, but cautioned that religious leaders must be involved as gatekeepers. Themes regarding considerations for the development of screening programs included the importance of language–specific materials and messaging, the gender of the physician, stigma associated with cancer, and structural barriers to screening. CONCLUSION: Community leaders identified the need to address both cultural and structural barriers to screening.