Gale Spencer, PhD, RN

Distinguished Professor & Decker Chair in Community Health
Binghamton University
Binghamton, NY
USA Email: gspencer@binghamton.edu

Disclosure statement:

Qualified on the content I am responsible for because: I have taught public/community health nursing in an undergraduate and a graduate nursing program for the past 38 years. I have studied and read extensively on nursing history.
Any relevant financial relationships? No

I agree to comply with the American Public Health Association Conflict of Interest and Commercial Support Guidelines, and to disclose to the participants any off-label or experimental uses of a commercial product or service discussed in my presentation.