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Time spent on highly active anti retroviral therapy and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels in people with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Krishna C. Poudel, PhD,
Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
Elizabeth R Bertone-Johnson,
Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
Paula H. Palmer, PhD,
School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA
C Anderson Johnson,
School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA
Background: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) reduces serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Though the effect of different anti-retroviral drugs on serum 25(OH)D levels has been investigated, the effect of time spent on HAART on serum 25(OH)D levels has received less attention. We assessed the association between time spent on HAART and serum (25[OH]D) levels in a cohort of HIV-positive people. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 230 HIV-positive people (men:120; women:110) aged 20 to 60 years who were taking HAART and were residing in Kathmandu, Nepal. Fasting blood samples were taken for immunological, lipids, inflammation, and micronutrient markers evaluations. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by the competitive protein-binding assay. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and time spent on HAART was assessed using multiple linear regression adjusting for potential cardiovascular, life-style, and HIV-related factors, including HAART types (efavirenz/nevirapine/tenovir). Results: The median time spent on HAART was 24 months. The proportions of participants with serum 25(OH)D level of <20ng/mL, 20-29.99ng/mL, and >30ng/mL were 86.9%, 12.2%, and 0.8%, respectively. The geometric means of serum 25(OH)D levels in men and women were 13.8 ng/ml and 13.2 ng/ml, respectively. The mean time spent on HAART was 26.8 months with SD 22.1. The time spent on ART in months was inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D levels (β=-0.002, SE=0.001, P=0.02).
Conclusion: The longer time spent on HAART is associated with slightly lower serum 25(OH)D levels in HIV-positive people as compared to short time.
Learning Areas:
Advocacy for health and health education
Assessment of individual and community needs for health education
Public health or related education
Public health or related research
Learning Objectives:
Describe the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among HIV-positive individuals;
Describe the factors associated with Vitamin D deficiency among HIV-positive individuals.
Keyword(s): HIV/AIDS, Vitamins
Presenting author's disclosure statement:Qualified on the content I am responsible for because: I am one of the Principal Investigators of this study.
Any relevant financial relationships? No
I agree to comply with the American Public Health Association Conflict of Interest and Commercial Support Guidelines,
and to disclose to the participants any off-label or experimental uses of a commercial product or service discussed
in my presentation.
