Trends in testicular cancer incidence by age and stage in the United States, 1973-2009

Background: Currently, it is estimated that there will be 8,590 new cases and 360 deaths of testicular cancer. There is limited evidence analyzing testicular cancer incidence rates and trends overtime in the U.S. population. Methods: Using data from the NCI SEER program in the U.S., trends in testicular cancer incidence were assessed between 1973 and 2009 and stratified by age and stage at diagnosis. Testicular cancer cases were identified by the ICD-O-3 codes C620-621 and C629. Results: A statistically significant increase in overall testicular cancer incidence was observed between 1973 and 1987 (APC = 2.6) and between 1987 and 2009 (APC = 0.8). Specifically, between 1973 and 2009, rates significantly increased among men aged 15-19 years (APC = 1.7), 20-29 years (APC = 1.2), 30-39 years (APC = 1.9), 40-49 years (APC = 1.9), and 50-59 years (APC = 0.9) and decreased among men aged 70 years or older (APC = -0.4). Between 2003 and 2009, incidence rates increased significantly for regional testicular cancer among men aged 50-59 years (APC = 26.4). From 1977 to 2002, incidence rates decreased significantly for distant testicular cancer among men aged 20-29 years (APC = -1.7). Conclusion: Our results indicate that incidence rates for testicular cancer are increasing over time among men of all ages. Significant decreases in distant stage testicular cancer might suggest effects of routine self-examination and detection in early stages. However, with rates increasing, further research is needed to fully delineate the role of genetics and environment on the development of testicular cancer.