Translating and implementing a mindfulness-based youth suicide prevention program in a native American community

Background/Purpose: Native Americans between the ages of 15-24 have the highest suicide rate of any cultural or ethnic group in the U.S., more than twice the national average (CDC, 2012). Purpose of this study is: (1) to translate the empirical evidence around mindfulness as an effective tool to reduce stress by developing and implementing a mindfulness-based youth suicide prevention program that is culturally and developmentally appropriate for three Native American tribes in Montana and (2) to conduct a pilot test of the program in a Native American school. Methods: A community-based participatory research approach was used to translate an existing mindfulness curriculum that included collaboration with Elders, cultural committees, Tribal Council, and other community members who reviewed the curriculum and provided input. Four community members were recruited and trained to serve as mindfulness facilitators. Data collection included process and outcome evaluation measures with 8 youth, ages 15-19, using a pre-posttest design. Results/Outcome: Nine mindfulness modules were developed and implemented, 4 hours/week over 9 weeks. Content analyses of facilitators' personal reflections and youth participants' comments and interviews centered around themes of stewardship and co-creation; individual breakthroughs and challenges, and greater ability to deal with stress. Quantitative analyses revealed promising trends on measures of self-regulation, present moment awareness, impulsivity, and suicidal ideations. Students reported acquiring important skills to deal with stress, and high class satisfaction. Conclusion: The project provides a suicide prevention intervention program that harnesses the values, principles, and wisdom of Native American culture and spirituality that is potentially promising.