Standing orders programs (SOPs) are interventions in which licensed non-physician personnel are authorized to vaccinate by institution- or physician-approved protocol without the need for a physician examination or order. Although SOPs have been shown to be effective methods of improving vaccination coverage levels in adults, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of SOPs compared to alternative immunization programs in LTCFs.
The purpose of this study is to assess the incremental costs of SOPs and alternative immunization programs for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in LTCFs as compared to the costs of usual care, where a “usual care” system places the responsibility for identifying eligibility and ordering vaccines on residents’ physicians. The most cost-effective method for achieving desired immunization rates for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines will also be evaluated.
To generate estimates of the costs of SOPs and other immunization programs relative to usual care, we are collecting data on the resources (labor, materials, and equipment) used to implement and operate immunization programs in approximately 36 LTCFs (in 9 states). Data on influenza and pneumococcal immunization coverage rates will then be combined with cost estimates to assess the cost-effectiveness of SOPs compared to other immunization programs.
Preliminary findings from interviews with LTCFs in two states suggest that the ongoing level of resources required to operate SOPs tends to be lower than the level required for most alternative immunization programs, since SOPs free up staff time that might otherwise be devoted to obtaining physician orders.
Learning Objectives: At the conclusion of the session, participants will be able to interpret the results of cost-effectiveness analyses and to identify whether standing orders programs offer a cost-effective alternative to usual care in the provision of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines to elderly residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs).
Keywords: Adult Health, Cost Issues
Presenting author's disclosure statement:
Organization/institution whose products or services will be discussed: None
I do not have any significant financial interest/arrangement or affiliation with any organization/institution whose products or services are being discussed in this session.