In the 1990s Cuba was severely affected by an economic crisis brought on by the collapse of the Socialist Bloc in Europe coupled with an intensification of the US embargo. Some determinants of health affected during this period included nutrition, transportation, and provision of medicines, among others. Just prior to these difficulties, the Government and Ministry of Public Health undertook reforms in the organization of health services, decentralising responsibilities to local levels and increasing support for popular participation. There was also increased mobilisation of national and international resources for health maintenance activities and increased attention to scientific study of the principal health problems that impact quality of life. The health indicators by the end of 2000 have shown a recovery or improvement in relation to previous years. With average life expectancy reaching 76 years, infant mortality rates stable at 7 per 1000 live births, communicable diseases steady at relatively low rates (especially those preventable by vaccine), and non-communicable chronic diseases being the main causes of morbidity and mortality, Cuba, despite being a developing country, has achieved health indicators similar to those found in developed countries. Comprehensive primary care coverage is maintained by family doctors and nurses working in the community, with a clearly defined priority being the control of environmental health hazards. Several national and international projects have been initiated to study health determinants and to propose interventions that improve health and the quality of life in Cuba.
Learning Objectives: Able to describe the global pressures faced by Cuba as this affects health in a community - and how Cuba is maintaining excellent health indices in spite of these pressures.
Keywords: Environmental Health, International Health
Presenting author's disclosure statement:
Organization/institution whose products or services will be discussed: None
I do not have any significant financial interest/arrangement or affiliation with any organization/institution whose products or services are being discussed in this session.