Objective: This study identifies predictors of homelessness among a sample of active injection drug users and non-injecting crack and/or amphetamine users in Long Beach, CA. Methods: Between August 1996 and June 2000, 1,045 active drug users (49% homeless, 51% non-homeless) were enrolled in an HIV prevention program incorporating both individual counseling sessions and group social events and drawing on social cognitive principles of behavior change. Baseline and follow-up data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted by program staff; behavioral data were based on past 30 days. Logistic regression was used to model homelessness. Results: Candidate variables included gender, race/ethnicity, age, drug use and route of ingestion, number of sex partners, unprotected sex, sex while intoxicated, sex work, self-efficacy, and perceived social support for HIV risk reduction. The final logistic regression model of homelessness included amphetamine-swallowing (OR=5.44; CI=1.38, 21.36), gender (OR=2.14; CI=1.62, 2.84), crack-smoking (OR=1.62; CI=1.17, 2.23), having sex while intoxicated (OR=1.34; CI=1.04, 1.73), heroin-injection (OR=0.63; CI=0.47, 0.84), and amphetamine-smoking (OR=0.62; CI=0.42, 0.92). Conclusion: Among drug users, the odds of being homeless are significantly greater for those who ingest speed, men, those who smoke crack, and those who have sex while intoxicated. The odds of being homeless for drug users who inject heroin and for those who smoke speed are only half as great as for those who do not.
Learning Objectives: 1. Identify HIV risk behaviors and demographic characteristics that are related to homelessness among drug using men and women.
Keywords: Homelessness, Drug Use
Presenting author's disclosure statement:
Organization/institution whose products or services will be discussed: None
I do not have any significant financial interest/arrangement or affiliation with any organization/institution whose products or services are being discussed in this session.